Storm sash construction for casement type windows



STORM SASH CONSTRUCTION FOR CASEMENT TYPE WINDOWS Filed April 11, 1950L. J. MILONE April 21, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VEN TOR.

April 21, 1953 L. J. MlLONE 2,635,305

STORM SASH CONSTRUCTION FOR CASEMENT TYPE WINDOWS Filed April 11, 1950 5Sheets-Sheet 2 v I INVENTOR. W H

April 21, 1953 L. J. MILONE 1 2,635,305

STORM SASH CONSTRUCTION FOR CASEMENT TYPE WINDOWS Filed April 11, 1950 5Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR.

BY 5 woo/,%,/ M

TToRk/F7'5 STORM SASH CONSTRUCTION FOR CASEMENT TYPE WINDOWS Filed April11, 1950 L. J. MILONE Sheets-Sheet 4 April 21, 1953 INVENTOR.

ifl yn A T To RAH- p 1953 L. J. MHLONE 2,635,35

STORM SASH CONSTRUCTION FOR CASEMENT TYPE WINDOWS Filed April 11, 1950 5Sheets-Sheet 5 I2 i. III

5mm unmi'. 56 W i IN V EN TOR.

Patented Apr. 21, 1953 STORM SASH CONSTRUCTION FOR CASEMENT TYPE WINDOWSLouis J. Milone, Livingston, N. .l'., assignor to The Eagle-PickerCompany, Cincinnati, Ohio, a

corporation of Ohio Application April'll, 1950, Serial No. 155,190

This invention relates to storm sashes which are adapted forinstallation upon casement windows,

The principal objective of this invention has been to provide a casementwindow storm sash which is adapted to be associated directly with theeasement window proper so as to be movable therewith while stillconstituting an effective insulating member capable of reducing heatloss through the window and condensation of moisture on the interiorsurfaces of the glass thereof. More specifically, the obiective has beento provide a casement window storm sash which is adapted for demountableassociation with a casement window proper in an easy and convenientmanner, from the inside of the buildin rather than the outside. By suchconstruction, the householder or housewife may install the storm sash inposition on the casement window, working only from the room interior.When the casement window or the storm sash glasses must be removed inspring, or washed, the storm sash conveniently may be removed into theroom and then stored or washed and repositioned.

A further objective of the present invention has been to provide a stormsash assembly whi ch is ada ted for convenient, inexpensive installationupon Hope type casement windows now in use. such that the whole window,when the installation is completed, presents a neat and attractiveappearance from the inside and the outside of the room. The inventionalso contemplates incorporation of the features of the present inventiondirectly into casement windows as an integral part thereof duringfabrication of the easement windows.

A still further objective of the present invention is to provide a stormsash construction in which weather strips and screens may be ap lied toa casement window as an installation incident to the installation of thestorm sash upon the casement sashes thereof, such that the weatherstripping may function to prevent the infiltration of outside cold airthrough the window joints while the storm sash prevents heat loss byheat conduction through the window proper, and the screens may functionto exclude insects.

Atypical I-iope' type steel casement window, in relation to which theinvention is disclosed,

consists of a steel frame which is mounted permanently in the buildingwall, one or more casement sashes which extend across the frame andconstitute the closure of the frame area, and hinge members whichpivotally support the casement sashes fromthe frame,

1 Claim. (CI. 2055) The steel frame is substantially narrower than thethickness of the building walls and, when installed, resides in a planeintermediate the inside and outside wall surfaces. In order that thecasement window may be opened wide without interference from thebuilding wall, the hinges, or hinge axes of typical casement windows areoffset outwardly a substantial distance from the plane of configurationof the frame or sash thereof. By reason of this construction when thesash is swung outwardly, an opening of substantial size exists betweenthe frame of the window and the edge of the sash at which the hinges aremounted. The hinges usually are of the pivot type, located at the topand bottom edges of the casement sash, and, therefore, the opening justdescribed extends entirely along the window when it is swung open.

This invention is predicated upon the concept of utilizing the, openingbetween the frame and casement window, as provided by the offset hinges,as an access way through which the storm sashes may be associated withthe casement sash. More specifically, this invention contemplates acasement window storm sash construction in which storm sash guidewaysare associated with the easement window, within which a storm sash maybe held in place over the casement window. The guicleways areconveniently accessible from the interior of the room through the accessopenings just described; therefore, once the casement window is equippedwith storm sash guideways, the householder, standing in the room beforethe window, needs only to swing a closed casement to open position,insert a storm sash in the guideways through the access opening, andthus position it over the outside face of the casement sash where itwill resideuntil withdrawn in reverse manner.

Each casement sash may have its own demountable storm sash panel, or, ifthe easement window consists of one or more swinging casement sashesadjacent one or more stationary or fixed window panels, then theswinging sash may be equipped with slidably demountable storm sashes inthe manner described, and additional storm sash members may benon-slidably mounted over the fixed sashes of the installation, theaccess thereto being through the open casement Window area.

The following detailed description of the drawings discloses typicalembodiments of the invention from which those skilled in the art readilywill comprehend the modifications to which the invention is susceptiblewithin the meaning of the claim hereof.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a typical casement window in openposition ShOWll'lg installation of a storm sash therefor through theaccess opening between the casement window and the frame.

Figure 2 is an elevation showing a typical casement window comprisinghinged sashes bounding a stationary sash, all of which are equipped withstorm sashes of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional View taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line -L of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Figure3.

Figure 6 is a horizontal sectional view as taken on the line 6-5 ofFigure 2.

Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6 but with the easement sash shownin open position and the storm sash associated with it.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary elevational view of the lower left hand cornerof the outer face of the movable casement illustrating a corner cap forenclosing the hinged corners of the storm sash.

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8 of the upper right hand corner ofthe movable casement illustrating a corner cap installation for the sideof the window opposite the hinges.

Figure 10 shows the structure of Figure 8 with the corner cap removed.

Figure 11 shows the structure of Figure 9 with the corner cap removed.

Figure 12 is a perspective view showing the corner cap illustrated inFigure 9.

The casement window selected to illustrate the application of the stormsashes of the present invention therewith, is one comprising movablecasementwindow sashes i and 2 which are arranged at opposite sides of afixed window 3, all of these in turn being surmounted by a horizontalwindow panel 4. This arrangement is one of the types in common usetoday, but it will be understood that the storm sashes of the presentinvention may be used with casement Windows having only one or moremovable sashes with or without one or more fixed window panels.

A typical casement window, as illustrated in the drawings, usuallycomprises a marginal window frame which is indicated generally at 6.This frame is comprised of Z-bar iron elements fastened or weldedrigidly to one another. The inner flanges of the Z-bar members of theframe abut stiles at the window opening, with the lower horizontal framemember abutting the inner sill, while the outer flanges of the Z-barmembers are sealed to the window opening by means of grouting 8. Thewindow frame 6 is subdivided into the movable sash and fixed light areasby a horizontal member it which is spaced downwardly from the top of theframe to define the upper light area of panel 4, while vertical stiles Hand I2 extend from this horizontal member into connection with thelowermost frame member to define the areas for the sashes I and 2 andthe intermediate area for the fixed light 3.

A pane of glass I3 is installed permanently in the upper light area 4and a pane of glass I4 is installed in the lower light area 3. Theseglasses are held in place by putty l5 or by other suitable means.

The movable casement sashes and 2 are usually constructed of Z-barframing elements [6, as indicated in Figures 3, 5 and 6. The Z-bars forthe movable sash are similar in shape to the Z-bars of the window frameproper, and the inner faces of the inner and outer flange portions ofthe sash frames i6 mate respectively with the outer faces of the innerand outer flange portions of the Z-bar elements of the window frameproper. Hinge members indicated generally at I! associate the easementwindow sashes with the frame. Each hinge is comprised of a leaf I8 whichextends in outward direction from the outer face of the casement window,and a cooperating leaf I9 which extends in outward direction from theouter face of the main frame. The leaves of each hinge are pivoted oneto the other by means of pivot members 28. The casement window is thushinged to the frame at points adjacent its upper and lower edges.

It is to be noted particularly that the hinge axis about which theeasement window may be swung is offset substantially from the plane ofthe casement window sash or the plane of the easement window frame.Therefore, when the easement window is swung open, its inner edge,adjacent the hinge axis, swings outwardly in an arc of substantialradius about the hinge axis and leaves a gap of substantial distancebetween the casement window edge and the edge of the window frame. Thisgap is utilized in accordance with the present invention as an accessopening through which storm sash panels may be associated with themovable casement window, working from the room interior rather than froma ladder leaned against the outside of the building as has beenconventional in the past.

To mount a storm sash panel on the movable casement window in accordancewith this invention, the casement window at its outer face is equippedwith members delineating grooves or guideways within which a storm sashpanel slidably may be received. These grooves or guideways preferablyextend continuously along the top, bottom and longitudinal edges of thecasement window and are accessible from the inner longitudinal edge;that is, the edge which is closest to the room interior.

More specifically, the preferred construction comprises marginalmounting members 25 each of which has a foot portion 26 residingfacially upon the outer face of the casement window sash, a laterallyextending leg portion 21 and flange members 28-23 extending parallel tothe foot portion 26, but at the opposite side of the leg 21. The flanges28 are spaced from one another to define a groove 30. Mounting members25, as just described, are located along the top and bottom members ofthe easement window sash and along the outer vertical edge so that acontinuous groove is provided in a plane parallel to the plane of thecasement window. Such mounting members are fastened rigidly to theeasement window along the three sides thereof as described by means ofscrews 3| which are located at spaced intervals and which are threadedinto holes drilled and tapped into the outer flange portion of theeasement window sash at the time of installation. The vertical andhorizontal mounting members preferably meet one another in butt joints.Mounting members fabricated of extruded aluminum alloy have been foundto be very practical since strips of such material out toapproximatelength may be furnished to the point of installation, andsuch strips may be cut to exact length as re- .quired by means of a saw.Likewise, at the time frame being slightly less than the width of groove30 in order that the frame may be received marginally within the groovesnugly but slidably. A rubber mounting gasket is received continuouslyin the groove provided by the U-shaped elements 34 and this gasketsustains a pane of glass 35.

When guide members 25 having offset grooves 30 are utilized around threesides of the storm sash, a gap exists between the casement window andthe storm sash panel at the fourth edge thereof. In the structure shownin the drawings, Figures 5 and '7, this gap is closed, to prevent freecirculation of air between the storm sash and the easement window, bymeans of a sealing strip which is indicated generally at 38. Incross-section the sealing strip is generally similar to the mountingmember 25 except that it terminates in an outerface against which theinner face of the storm sash may reside in substantially air-tightengagement. Thus,

the foot portion 39 of the closure strip 33 resides against the outerface of the casement window sash at the edge thereof adjacent the hingeaxis. A leg portion 46 projects laterally from the foot portion inoutward direction, and

a flange portion 4| extends laterally from the leg over the footportion. The foot flange 3Q is fastened to the casement window sash bymeans of screws 42, and the length of the leg 4i] is such that the outerface of the sealing strip resides in a plane flush with the innermostfaces of the grooves in the mounting strips 25.

It will also be noted that the frame member of the storm sash, at thefourth edge thereof, that is, the frame member which resides inengagement with the face of sealing strip 38,.is provided with aninwardly extending longitudinal lip 43 positioned to reside adjacent theedge of sealing strip 38. This forms a more effective airseal betweenthe storm sash and sealing strip.

In the preferred construction, one or more captive screws 44 extendthrough the frame of the storm sash, at the fourth edge thereof, intothreaded engagement with tapped holes provided in the outer flange ofthe sealing strip 38. As each screw 14 is tightened, its head portion,at the outside of the storm sash, causes the storm sash to be boundtightly to the sealing strip 38 and thereby not only prevent the stormsash from unintended sliding movement in its guideways, but also to bindthe parts in firm, airsealing engagement with one another along thefourth edge.

When a casement window having a storm sash mounted on it in the mannerjust described is to be cleaned, the householder swings the window tothe open position, as shown in Figures 1 and 7, and reaches through theaccess opening which is provided by the offset hinges, to unloosen' thescrew M. When the threaded end of this screw is disengaged from thesealing strip 33, the storm sash may be withdrawn into the room from theguideways thereof; the head of the screw 44 providing a convenienthandle for this operation. Following the cleansing of the casement sashand storm sash, the latter is rein- '6 troduced' into the guideways andshoved outwardly into position in the grooves after which the screw 44is tightened to hold the storm sash in place. In the spring of the year,the storm sash panels 33 may be removed for stor age; the guideways thenare open but they are inconspicuous and do not detract from. theappearance of the window or the panels can be left in to keep the homecooler in summer.

The mating Z-bar construction of the casement window frame and sash, asshown in the drawings, is generally typical of units now available.

In such arrangements the engagement of the faces of the Z-bar flange ofthe sash with the faces of the Z-bar flanges of the window frame properconstitute the seal of the window intended to prevent the entrance ofcold air or rain into the room. However, it is apparent that theperfection of this seal is dependent upon the use of straight, trueZ-bar members, and upon the accurate positioning of them. In manyinstances the bars are not perfectly true or become warped or bentduring installation or during use with the result that the sealing isimperfect and weather strips are desired. The weather stripping for suchpurposes provided in accordance with the present invention comprisesthin, resilient strips of metal 46 which are held in place upon theeasement window frame by the foot portions 26 of the mounting strips 25and sealing strip 33 around the entire perimeter of the casementsash.These strips extend outwardly as at A5 to the edge of the easement sash,then inwardly over the edges of the outer Z-bar flanges, and returnalong the inner faces of the outerZ-bar flanges as at 41. In theseareas, 1. e.,' at the inner faces of the respective Z-bar flanges thestrips are sprung inwardly so that they are free to act as leaf springswhich bear against the mating faces of the window frame when the windowframe is closed. The strips 56 are preferably only three to fiveone-thousandths of an inch in thickness and, therefore, may residebetween the mating portions of the casement sash and frame, while theiryieldability enables them to conform to any longitudinal variationswhich may exist between these members. It is also to be noted that inthe preferred construction the foot portions 26 of the mounting strips25 and the sealing strip 38 are provided with lip portions 48 whichextend along the outer edges of the easement sash over the laterallybent portions 4? of the weather strips. These lips act as reinforcementsfor the thin weather stripping material and help it maintain itsresilience during prolonged usage. For the weather stripping material,stainless strip steel has been found to be practical and durable.

Figures 8*12 illustrate corner caps which may be utilized for enclosingthe corners of the mar ginal mounting members 25 of storm sash mountedon movable easements. These caps are provided to give a finishedappearance to the corners where the mounting members are joined and alsoserve, to a certain extent, to seal the jointure of the members. Thejoint between the foot'portions 25 of the marginal mounting members25must becut to accommodate the hinge plates 59 at the pivoted side of thecase ment windows, and thus corner cap member 5! is provided in order toenclose the hinge and the ends of the respective foot portions. Thesecorner caps 5i are preferably L-shaped and include a central raisedportion 52 in order to accommodate the plate so. secured to the footportions 26 by means of Thecap may be screws as shown at 53. The cap tobe utilized at the upper hinge corner is made in just reverse form fromthe one illustrated in Figure 3. At the other two corners, on the sideof the storm sash opposite the hinges, a corner cap similar to thatshown in Figure 12 may be utilized. This cap, which is indicatedgenerally by the numeral 54, includes a foot flange 55 which is adaptedto be seated on the foot portions 26 at the jointure of the respectivemounting members 25, the cap being secured to the respective members byscrews Hit-56. At the upper end of the foot 55 of the cap member, a tang5'! is bent over to engage the upper edge of the foot member 26. At theinner corner of the cap member, a rectangular pocket Edis formed, thepocket receiving the joined corners of the overhanging flanges of therespective mounting members 25. Both cap members may be formed from aflat sheet of metal cut and bent to the appropriate shapes.

If screens are desired to cover the movable casement window areas, theymay be installed at the interior face of the window frame. Thus, asshown in Figures 3 and 6, the screen indicated generally at 59 comprisesa frame portion 68 which is adapted to engage the inner face of thecasement window frame over the movable sash area thereof. The screen maybe secured in place by means of finger tabs 5! p-ivotally mounted to thewindow frame at spaced points around the margin of the screen andadapted to be swung over the marginal edges of the screen frame.

Storm sashes for adjoining stationary windows In installations where oneor more movable casement windows are contained within a frame having oneor more stationary lights of the type shown at 3 and 4 intheaccompanying drawings, it is desirable to insulate the latter with stormsash as well as the former. Figures 4-7 illustrate constructions whichare suitable for this purpose.

To enclose the lower stationary light 3 in a window of the type shown inFigure 2, mounting strips 62 are fastened permanently to the stationaryframing members of the window. In most instances the vertical stileshave outer faces which are engaged by the inner faces of the movablecasement sash so that this area is not available for mounting. iowever,as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the web of the stile is available formounting purposes. Therefore, the mounting strips 62 at the verticalstiles are generally of T formation, the top of the T residing at rightangles to the plane of the window in abutment with the web of the stileor in abutment with a projecting longitudinal edge thereof. To insuredisposition of the T portion of these mounting members at right anglesto the plane of the window, the foot portions of the mounting membersmay be provided with pedestal flanges 63 which are adapted to bear uponthe web, while an adjacent portion of the mounting members bears upon anedge projecting from the web. The vertical Irounting members includeflange portions 64 which extend toward one another in a plane parallelto the plane of the window, and the outer faces of these flangesconstitute seats to receive the vertical members of the storm sashframe. In addition, the mounting members may also include outwardlyextending flange portion 65 adapted to reside along the outer marginaledge of the storm sash. Flanges 65 serve to guide the storm sash panel"into position when it is being installed and to some extentadditionally serve as windbreaks.

The storm sash proper for the stationary windows may be of the same typeas that previously described in connection with the movable casementsashes, and the description of the storm sashes is not repeated.However, it will be noted that the side frame members of the storm sashinclude one or more captive screws 66 at both sides which are adapted toengage threaded cores in the seat flanges 64 of the T mounting strips 62so as to cause the vertical side frames of the storm sash to bear firmlyagainst the mounting strips.

At the bottom of the stationary window 3 (see Figures 2 and 4), amounting flange 61 is provided on the outer face of the outer flange ofthe bottom Z-bar element of the window frame proper. This mountingflange 6! is held in place by fastening screws 68 which are threadedinto the window frame. The mounting flange til projects upwardly andterminates in a U-shaped portion 59 which constitutes a groove for thereception of the lower edgewise portion of the storm sash. This mountingmember also may include a breathing aperture 10 through which a smallamount of air ma be permitted to circulate to prevent the stationarycasement window or storm sash from becoming fogged. I

At the top of the stationary window, a mountillg member 'ii is providedwhich is similar to the mounting member 6'. except that it is providedwith a groove 52 of substantial depth, sufficient in relation to thespacing of all of the parts, to permit the storm sash to be lifted up"wardly within the groove ii a distance sufficient for the bottom of thestorm sash to clear the groove in the U-shaped portion 59 of the bottommounting member 6?. This permits the storm sash panel to be swungoutwardly at its lower edge, then lowered a distance sufficient to causedisengagement of its upper edge from the groove 72. To facilitate thesemanipulations, the lower edge of the storm sash panel may be provided Fwith one or more finger tabs 13 which extend outwardly from the framethereof.

Once the mounting members have been installed upon the window frame overthe stationary portion of the Window, as just described, the storm sashmay be demounted by loosening the captive screws 66, then lifting thesash until its bottom edge is free, swinging it outwardly, then loweringit until it is completely disengaged. All of these operations may beperformed through the open casement window areas.

When the casement window includes an upper horizontal panel of the typeshown at 4 in the drawings, storm sash mounting members of the type justdescribed may be utilized. In such instances, however, the horizontalrail It in common casement window construction (see Figure 4-) usuallyterminates in an overhanging lip 13a which functions as a water shed. Toaccommodate this construction, the lower edge of the storm sash panel isreceived in a groove provided by an H-shaped member it which is fastenedin place by means of screws '55. The storm sash panel in this case islifted, as previously described, until its bottom edge clears the groovein member "M after which it is swung outwardly and lowered untilcompletely free.

Having described my invention, I claim:

A casement window and storm sash assembly comprising, a hinged casementwindow having channel ways residing in alignment with one another alongthree edges of the window sash in a' plane which is substantiallyparallel to, and external of, the plane of the window sash, a storm sashpanel having marginal edgewise portions slidably received in the saidchannel ways along 0 three edges of the said storm sash panel, and meansassociated with the fourth edgewise portion of the said storm sash panelfor securing and sealing it to that edgewise portion of the easementwindow which does not contain a channel way, the last said edgewiseportion being adjacentthe axis of the hinges of the easement window, andthe pivotal axis of the hinges of said casement window being offset fromthe window frame a sufficient distance that when the casement window isopen, the storm sash panel thereon will clear the window opening toprovide for slidable Withdrawal of the storm sash panel from saidchannel ways.

LOUIS J. MILON'E.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date Whipple Aug. 14, 1900 Richardson Aug. 25, 1903 Bean May 23,1912 Smith et a1 June 25, 1929 White Mar. 25, 1930 Cunningham Oct. 6,1931 Julien Feb. 9, 1932 Dobie -1 Feb. 25, 1936 Randall et a1. Mar. 21,1939 Rosling Feb. 27, 1940 Madsen et a1 Oct. 22, 1940 Kaufinann Sept.18, 1945

